In recent years a lively archaeological activity has developed particularly in the eastern part of the Rhine delta, where numerous sites of the late Iron Age have been identified and explored. In almost all cases the traces of the inhabited areas are essentially marked by the presence of a large number of holes for poles, distributed on the ground in several nuclei. This is a phenomenon common to the settlements of the middle and late Iron Age, but which is…
In the last twenty years there has been a great development of archaeological investigations in the Netherlands. This led to the creation, by the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Sciences, of a “Central Service of State Excavations” whose task is to organize and carry out excavations throughout the territory from the Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. The settlements of the ancient and middle Paleolithic appear scarce, even in the light of the latest findings. Best represented is the Mesolithic, which…
According to Itypeusa, the cinema entered the Netherlands in 1896, the year in which the first public screening took place. Subsequently, the first events that had as protagonists the royal family and in particular Queen Guglielmina, the privileged subject of numerous documentary shots, were filmed. From the very beginning, however, Dutch production has been taking care of the reproduction of reality, rather than of making fictional stories; this interest would not have waned even after other cinemas began to frequent…
The panorama of Dutch literature over the last twenty years, which has changed thanks to the many new names, is generally divided into three currents. According to itypejob, faithful to itself, but somewhat isolated from the general public, is the modernist current aligned around the avant-garde magazine Raster (“Retino”, 1967-72; occasionally continued as a series of volumes from 1973 to 1976, it resumed publication from 1977), whose collaborators cultivate above all a type of experimentation that favors the use of…
Expressionism had been introduced in Netherlands by the avant-garde magazine Het getij (“La marea”, 1916-24), which was replaced by De vrije bladen (“The free sheets”, 1924-32) which continued the address of openness to vitalism and the exaltation of a cosmic feeling. In these magazines initially expressed themselves C. van Wessem, H. De Vries, JJ Slauerhoff, and above all H. van der Bergh, who was the spokesperson, animator and theorist of ‘vitalistic’ poetry, and H. Marsman who di that poem was…
With the birth (1588) of the republic of the United Provinces, literary dominance gradually shifted from the southern to the northern area. The capital, scholarship, ingenuity and spirit of initiative of the many tens of thousands of exiles who moved to the North contributed to the cultural and economic development of the Republic, where, for about three centuries, the language and Dutch literature could flourish and evolve. According to findjobdescriptions, the struggle for national and religious freedom, the spirit of…
The end of classical academicism was marked by the birth of the Maatschappij der Nederlandsche letterkunde (“Society of Dutch literature”), founded in Leiden in 1766 and still active today, born from the merger of some societies of poets on the initiative of RM van Goens, profound connoisseur of the European literatures of his time and author of three essays, written between 1765 and 1767, on the orientations of the new artistic ideals of the pre-romantic period. Even H. van Alphen,…
In the last thirty years of the nineteenth century, together with the desire for renewal already validly represented, on the critical and social as well as literary level, by Multatuli and Busken-Huet, the individualistic tendency of Romanticism finally found expression in the young generations of poets who looked to the English example (PB Shelley, J. Keats, W. Wordsworth) and French (C. Baudelaire, G. Flaubert, É. Zola). With the publication of JFH Perk’s sonnets in Mathilde (post., 1882), vibrant glorification of…
In the Dutch area the centers of culture had initially developed in the southern regions, in Limburg, in Antwerp, in Flanders and in particular in Brabant, under the dukes of Burgundy. The first literary texts date back to the last decades of the 12th century, while in the Northern regions, despite the close linguistic and cultural ties with those of the South, literary production begins a little later. In the wake of the historical chronicles of J. van Maerlant and…
Population The Netherlands population, in 2009, recorded a growth rate of 0.4%, to be attributed to the natural increase of the population, in which the mortality rate (8.7 ‰, in 2009) is lower than the birth rate (10.6 ‰, in 2009), although it has dropped in recent years (in the 1990s it was on average 13 ‰). The migratory balance is 2.46%. Immigrants come mainly from non-European countries, such as dependencies (Netherlands Antilles and Aruba), ancient colonies (Suriname and Indonesia)…